During the 1980s-1990s, Dr. Charles Lucas Jr.(mathematician and physicist) and David Bergman MS (physics), founders of the Common Sense Science Ministry, proposed models for electrons and protons, in which these particles were not point charges, but had toroidal geometries with finite dimensions and only electromagnetic forces operating between them. These were like very thin, tiny, electrically charge washers, which were free to rotate and vibrate.
In the 1990’s, my research associate, Eric Baxter, and I decided to test this Lucas/ Bergman model, conducting theoretical calculations on arrays of toroidal electrons and protons in the atomic nucleus. In this model neutrons do not exist in the atomic nucleus as independent particles, but rather are paired combinations of electrons (e-) and protons (p+). This does allow for neutrons as particles to be expelled from the nucleus, but free neutrons have a very short half-life. All combinations of electrical and magnetic forces were included in these calculations. There was no inclusion of Strong or Weak Forces in this model. Details of these calculations may be found in reference [1]. To our amazement, the resulting calculations of nuclear binding energies and decay rates of select isotopes, for beta (β-) and alpha (α4+) decay processes, were all in excellent agreement with experimental values. These results are to be compared to those calculated by the SM, which were too frequently in error by 20-30 %, and in some cases even worse, when compared to experimental values. The obvious conclusion from our studies was that no nuclear Strong Forces or Weak Forces were required to account for nuclear structures and related processes.
In February, 2015, Dr. Charles Lucas, Jr. published a paper challenging the current model of nuclear physics [2]. The proposed nuclear Strong Force is a 1/Rn dependence, in which n≥3. However, Lucas showed from experimental data, that the trend for Atomic Mass vs. Atomic Number in the 180-181 mass range, was a regular parabolic curve, having a solution as a quadratic equation, which strongly implies a second power 1/r2 dependence of the electrodynamic force. Consequently, the nuclear Strong Force is simply not operating. Lucas also showed from experimental data, that the nuclear Weak Force could not be operating, either.
In conclusion, it appears from the studies of Boudreaux and Baxter, and those of Lucas, that the modern, accepted model of nuclear structure is invalid.
[1] The Journal of Common Sense Science, Foundations of Science, Vol. 5, No.3, August, 2002, Radioactivity, & Proceedings of The Sixth International Conference on Creationism, 2008, pp. 3-6
[2] ibid., Vol. 18, No.1, February, 2015, Truth in Atomic Physics.
Blessings in His Holy Name, Ed
Dr. Ed Boudreaux, RMCF President
